delete files

May 10th, 2012

Use xargs to remove files from list of names:

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xarg rm <files.txt

Reference: http://www.unix.com/shell-programming-scripting/36070-read-list-filenames-text-file-remove-these-files-multiple-directories.html

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automatically mount zfsonlinux file systems during startup

May 8th, 2012

Change /etc/default/zfs:

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# Automatically run `zfs mount -a` at system startup if set non-empty.
ZFS_MOUNT='yes'
 
# Automatically run `zfs unmount -a` at system shutdown if set non-empty.
ZFS_UNMOUNT='yes'

Add zfs-mount to runlevels:

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update-rc.d zfs-mount defaults

Tags:
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nfs4 and all_squash

May 6th, 2012

all_squash does not work when directory/share is on the same filesystem. Example:

/etc/exports:

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/media/mount 192.168.0.0/24(rw,async,no_subtree_check,fsid=0)
/media/mount/folder 192.168.0.0/24(all_squash,anonuid=1000,anongid=100,rw,async,no_subtree_check)

We have to mount folder with a bind to get this working. Move folder to new location, here I’m hiding it:

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mv /media/mount/folder /media/mount/.folder
mkdir /media/mount/folder

/etc/fstab:

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/dev/sdb1 /media/mount ext4 defaults 0 0
/media/mount/.folder /media/mount/folder none bind 0 0

Mount and reload nfs exports:

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mount /media/mount/folder
exportfs -r

Reference: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-nfs/msg16593.html

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Mount partclone image on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

May 1st, 2012

Install partclone-utils from here: http://www.idealworldinc.com/partclone-utils/

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sudo dpkg -i partclone-utils_0.1-1_i386.deb

Install nbd-client

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sudo sudo apt-get install nbd-client

Assign network block device to partclone image

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sudo imagemount -d /dev/nbd0 -f sda1-partclone.img

Mount

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sudo mount /dev/nbd0 /media/temp

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nVidia HDMI audio

March 25th, 2012

Check which hardware devices are avaiable:

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sudo aplay -L

Check which device monitor is connected to:

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speaker-test -c 2 -r 48000 -D hw:1,3
speaker-test -c 2 -r 48000 -D hw:1,7
speaker-test -c 2 -r 48000 -D hw:1,8
speaker-test -c 2 -r 48000 -D hw:1,9

Pulseaudio automatically loads first hardware device(0,3 or 1,3). Manually load another in /etc/pulse/default.pa:

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load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:1,7

Resource: ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/gpu-hdmi-audio-document/gpu-hdmi-audio.html

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roundcube, sqlite2, ubuntu 11.10 and cherokee

February 15th, 2012

Roundcube only supports sqlite2(RC v0.7.1). Unfortunately Ubuntu 11.10 doesn’t have sqlite2 available in the repos(not sure why, security?), and MySQL/PostgreSQL seems like an overkill for a single user roundcube installation.

Fix: install php5-sqlite and get sqlite2 from natty(11.04). The module sqlite.so is actually loaded by default(/etc/php5/cgi/conf.d/sqlite.ini) but missing in the oneiric package.

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apt-get install php5-sqlite
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/php5/php5-sqlite_5.3.5-1ubuntu7.7_i386.deb
dpkg -x php5-sqlite_5.3.5-1ubuntu7.7_i386.deb /tmp
cp /tmp/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/sqlite.so /usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/
service cherokee restart

Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/php5/+bug/875262

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Auto update iptables DDWRT

December 15th, 2011

custom script:

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wan=`nvram get wan_ipaddr`
last=`cat /tmp/last_wan_ipaddr`
echo "WAN IP: $wan" > /tmp/ipv6forward.log
echo "Last WAN IP: $last" >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
# Check if IP is updated
if [ "$wan" != "$last" ]; then
  echo "New WAN IP detected." >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
  # If this is the first time script is adding rules, add a FILTER rule that accept the DNAT FORWARD rule
  if [ -f /tmp/last_wan_ipaddr ]; then
    # Not first time, delete old DNAT
    iptables -t nat -D PREROUTING -j DNAT -d $last -p 41 --to-destination 10.10.10.7 >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log    
  else
    # First time, wait for router to settle (ddwrt will clear iptables on startup)
    sleep 30
    # Remove DROP policy
    iptables -t filter -D FORWARD -j DROP >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
    # Add DNAT rule
    iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT -p 41 -d 10.10.10.7 >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
    # Add DROP polocy (last place)
    iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -j DROP >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
  fi
  iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -j DNAT -p 41 -d $wan --to-destination 10.10.10.7 >> /tmp/ipv6forward.log
  # write wan_ipaddr to tmp
  echo $wan > /tmp/last_wan_ipaddr
fi

startup script:

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nvram get rc_custom > /tmp/custom.sh
chmod +x /tmp/custom.sh

cron:

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* * * * * root /tmp/custom.sh

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Timeout never ending command

December 12th, 2011

Sometimes a command never times out by itself. I had this problem with mounting NFS, and when doing it automagically(mount by network location), you get thousands of mount.nfs never timing out.

Fix:
Use timeout from coreutils.

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timeout 5s mount /path/to/mount/point

Reference: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/687948/timeout-a-command-in-bash-without-unnecessary-delay

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XBMC and pulseaudio master volume (Ubuntu 11.10)

October 15th, 2011

If you use XBMC as standalone in Ubuntu(choose it in the login screen), volume control is limited to XBMC as a source in pulseaudio. If you login to Gnome/Unity/whatever, and forget to set sound level to 100% before you logout, XBMC sound volume will suffer from this.

Solution:
You can control sound volume in terminal with

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pactl set-sink-volume # n%

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# is a number of a so called sink, which is the same as an output device(analog, HDMI, SPDIF, etc). n% is percentage of volume. This will set sink 0 to 100% volume:

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pactl set-sink-volume 0 100%

You need to find out which number your default output device is:

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pactl list sinks

Should output something like this:

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Sink #0
	State: RUNNING
	Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
	Description: Intern lyd Analog Stereo
	Driver: module-alsa-card.c
	Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
	Channel Map: front-left,front-right
	Owner Module: 4
	Mute: no
	Volume: 0:  90% 1:  90%
	        0: -2,75 dB 1: -2,75 dB
	        balance 0,00
	Base Volume: 100%
	             0,00 dB
...

Play some music and test(music should mute 1 second):

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pactl set-sink-volume 0 0%; sleep 1; pactl set-sink-volume 0 90%

To get XBMC set volume to 100% before startup we create a new command called xbmc-standalone-max-volume. Do this as root:

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cp /usr/bin/xbmc-standalone /usr/bin/xbmc-standalone-max-volume
nano /usr/bin/xbmc-standalone-max-volume

In xbmc-standalone-max-volume find pulse start section and add three lines after it:

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PULSE_START="$(which start-pulseaudio-x11)"
if [ -n "$PULSE_START" ]; then
  $PULSE_START
else
  PULSE_SESSION="$(which pulse-session)"
  if [ -n "$PULSE_SESSION" ]; then
    XBMC="$PULSE_SESSION $XBMC"
  fi
fi
# set volume to 100%
PACTL="$(which pactl)"
$PACTL set-sink-volume 0 100%

Now edit XBMC session:

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nano /usr/share/xsession/XBMC.desktop

Change Exec and TryExec:

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[Desktop Entry]
Name=XBMC
Comment=This session will start XBMC Media Center
Exec=xbmc-standalone-max-volume
TryExec=xbmc-standalone-max-volume
Type=Application

You may also do the same with xbmc -> xbmc-max-volume, but when inside gnome you could simply use your keyboard and Alt-Tab, set volume up, and Alt-Tab back.

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Share wired internet connection wireless

July 30th, 2011

This was done with Atheros AR5001 (ath5k, Linux Mint 10, 2.6.35).

Install hostapd and DHCP-server.

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apt-get install hostapd dhcp3-server

/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf:

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interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=SSID
hw_mode=g
channel=7
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=password
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP
wpa_ptk_rekey=600

/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf:

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subnet 10.10.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 10.10.0.25 10.10.0.100;
        option domain-name-servers 193.213.112.4, 130.67.15.198;
        option routers 10.10.0.1;
}

Add to /etc/default/hostapd:

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RUN_DAEMON="yes"
DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

/etc/default/dhcp3-server:

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INTERFACES="wlan0"

/usr/local/bin/ics:

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#!/bin/bash
 
case "${1}" in
  start)
	# stop gnome network manager
	service network-manager stop
	# configure wireless IP
	ifconfig wlan0 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
	# start AP and DHCP-server
	service hostapd start
	service dhcp3-server start
	# enable NAT
	echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
	iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
  ;;
  stop)
	# disable NAT
	echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
	iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
	# stop DHCP-server and AP
	service dhcp3-server stop
	service hostapd stop
	# start gnome network manager
	service network-manager start
	# wait 1 second and enable scanning on wireless
	sleep 1
	ifconfig wlan0 up
  ;;
esac
 
exit 0

Add with to sudoers(with visudo):

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# Allow admin users to share internet connection
%admin ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/local/bin/ics

Add shortcut to desktop with command “sudo /usr/local/bin/ics start” and “sudo /usr/local/bin/ics stop”.

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